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Time & Society
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The Time Styles Scale

A review of developments and replications over 15 years

Jean-Claude Usunier

University of Lausanne, Graduate School of Business (HEC), CH-1015 Dorigny, Switzerland, jusunier{at}unil.ch

Pierre Valette-Florence

University of Grenoble, Institut d'Administration des Entreprises, BP 47, 38040, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, pierre.valette-florence{at}iae-grenoble.fr

This article builds on previous research that has led to the development of a psychometric scale designed for capturing individual time orientations over a 15-year period. The time styles scale was initially developed in France. Cross-cultural replications of the scale were undertaken in several countries (Germany, Hong Kong, Tunisia, Vietnam), with particular emphasis on the influence of language on psychometric measurement. We demonstrate the nomological validity of the scale by reviewing research that has assessed its ability to predict values, individual activity planning, attitudes towards waiting time, as well as buying and consumption behaviour.

Key Words: consumer behaviour • psychometric scale • time orientations

Time & Society, Vol. 16, No. 2-3, 333-366 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0961463X07080272
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