Advanced Search

Journal Navigation

Journal Home

Subscriptions

Archive

Contact Us

Table of Contents

CiteULike is a free service for managing and discovering scholarly references - click here to get started.

Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
Time & Society
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (2)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Kremer-Sadlik, T.
Right arrow Articles by Paugh, A. L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
 Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?

Everyday Moments

Finding `quality time' in American working families

Tamar Kremer-Sadlik

Center on Everyday Lives of Families at UCLA, Haines Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095–1553, USA,tksadlik{at}ucla.edu

Amy L. Paugh

Department of Sociology and Anthropology, James Madison University, MSC 7501, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA, paughal{at}jmu.edu

American popular and academic discourses suggest that `quality time' — conceived as unstressed, uninterrupted special time with children — is important for family well-being. However, such discourses often engender stress and guilt among working parents, who have difficulty finding time for `quality time'. This article explores the concept of `quality time' in academic and popular literature (such as websites) and then draws on interviews and ethnographic video recordings of 32 dual-earner, two-parent American families to explore both perceived and lived experiences of family time. It proposes that everyday activities (like household chores or running errands) may afford families quality moments, unplanned, unstructured instances of social interaction that serve the important relationship-building functions that parents seek from `quality time'.

Key Words: ethnography • family well-being • quality time • social interaction • working families

References

  • Ariès, P. (1962) Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life, trans. Robert Baldick New York: Vintage .
  • Brannen, J. (2005) ` Time and the Negotiation of Work-Family Boundaries: Autonomy or Illusion ?', Time & Society 14(1): 113—31 .[Abstract]
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979) The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments in Nature and Design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press .
  • Burtt, K. (1984) Smart Times: A Parent's Guide to Quality Time with Preschoolers. New York: HarperCollins .
  • Christensen, P.H. (2002) ` Why More "Quality Time" is not on the Top of Children's Lists: The "Qualities of Time" for Children ', Children & Society 16(2): 77—88 .[CrossRef]
  • Christensen, P., James, A. and Jenks, C. (2000) `Home and Movement: Children Constructing "Family Time"', in S. L. Holloway and G. Valentine (eds) Children's Geographies: Playing, Living, Learning, pp. 139—55. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis .
  • Clarke-Stewart, A. (1973) Interactions Between Mothers and Their Young Children: Characteristics and Consequences. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press .
  • Compact Oxford English Dictionary Online (n.d.) ` Quality Time'. Available at: http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/qualitytime?view=uk
  • Daly, K.J. (1996) Families and Time: Keeping Pace in a Hurried Culture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage .
  • Daly, K.J. (2001) `Deconstructing Family Time: From Ideology to Lived Experience ', Journal of Marriage and Family 63(2): 283—94 .[CrossRef]
  • DeVault, M.L. (2000) ` Producing Family Time: Practices of Leisure Activity beyond the Home', Qualitative Sociology 23(4): 485—503 .[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Dixson, M.D. (1995) `Models and Perspectives of Parent-Child Communication ', in T. J. Socha and G. H. Stamp (eds) Parents, Children, and Communication: Frontiers of Theory and Research, pp. 43—61. Mahwah, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum .
  • Dixson, M. and Duck, S. (1993) `Understanding Relationship Processes: Uncovering the Human Search for Meaning', in S. Duck (ed.) Individuals in Relationships: Understanding Relationship Processes Series, Vol. 1, pp. 175—206. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage .
  • Duck, S. and Pond, K. (1989) ` Friends, Romans, Countrymen, Lend Me Your Retrospections: Rhetoric and Reality in Personal Relationships ', Review of Personality and Social Psychology 10: 17—38 .
  • Duck, S., Rutt, D.J., Hurst, M.H. and Strejc, H. (1991) ` Some Evident Truths about Conversations in Everyday Relationships: All Communications are not Created Equal' , Human Communication Research 18(2): 228—67 .[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • eSsortment (2002) `Parenting Skills: Family Time Management'. Available at: http://ma.essortment.com/familytimemana_rdda.htm
  • Familytimezone.com (n.d.) `10 Ways to Make Family Mealtime Quality Time'. Available at: http://www.familytimezone.com/ftz/quality_family_time.html
  • Fasulo, A., Loyd, H. and Padiglione, V. (2007) ` Children's Socialization into Cleaning Practices: A Cross-cultural Perspective' , Discourse & Society 18(1): 11—33 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Fiese, B.H., Foley, K.P. and Spagnola, M. (2006) `Routine and Ritual Elements in Family Mealtimes: Contexts for Child Well-Being and Family Identity', in R. W. Larson, A. R. Wiley, and K. R. Branscomb (eds) Family Mealtime as a Context of Development and Socialization, pp. 67—89. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass .
  • Fiese, B.H., Tomcho, T.J., Douglas, M., Josephs, K., Poltrock, S. and Baker, T. (2002) ` A Review of 50 Years of Research on Naturally Occurring Family Routines and Rituals: Cause for Celebration ?', Journal of Family Psychology 16(4): 381—90 .[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Foucault, M. (1980) Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972—1977, ed. C. Gordon. New York: Pantheon Books .
  • Galinsky, E. (1999) Ask the Children: What America's Children Really Think about Working Parents. New York: William Morrow and Company .
  • Garfinkel, H. (1967) Studies in Ethnomethodology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall .
  • Gershuny, J. (2000) Changing Times: Work and Leisure in Postindustrial Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press .
  • Gillis, J.R. (1996) A World of Their Own Making: Myth, Ritual, and the Quest for Family Values. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press .
  • Gillis, J.R. (2001) `Never Enough Time: Some Paradoxes of Modern Family Time(s)', in K. J. Daly (ed.) Minding the Time in Family Experience, Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research, pp. 19—37. Stamford, CT: JAI Press .
  • Gillis, J.R. (2003) `Childhood and Family Time: A Changing Historical Relationship', in A.M. Jensen and L. McKee (eds) Children and the Changing Family: Between Transformation and Negotiation, pp. 149—64. New York: Routedge Falmer .
  • Goffman, E. (1974) Frame Analysis. New York: Harper and Row .
  • Goodwin, M.H. (2006) ` Participation, Affect, and Trajectory in Family Directive/Response Sequences ', Text & Talk 26(4—5): 515—44 .[Web of Science]
  • Goodwin, M.H. (2007) ` Occasioned Knowledge Exploration in Family Interaction ', Discourse & Society 18(1): 93—110 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Hays, S. (1996) The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press .
  • Heath, S.B. (1983) Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
  • Hochschild, A.R. with Machung, A. (1989) The Second Shift. New York: Avon Books .
  • Hochschild, A.R. (1997) The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work. New York: Henry Holt .
  • Hymes, D. (1971) On Communicative Competence. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania .
  • Kertzer, D.I. and Barbagli, M. (2001—2004) History of the European Family, Volume 2 and 3. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press .
  • Kraehmer, S.T. (1994) Quantity Time: Moving Beyond the Quality Time Myth. Minneapolis, MN: Deaconess Press .
  • Kremer-Sadlik, T., Fatigante, M. and Fasulo, A. (2006) `Discourses on Family Time: The Cultural Interpretation of Family Togetherness in the U.S. and Italy', Working Paper No. 60, CELF .
  • Kremer-Sadlik, T. and Kim, J.L. (2007) ` Lessons from Sports: Children's Socialization to Values through Family Interaction during Sports Activities ', Discourse & Society 18(1): 35—52 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Lamb, M.E. and Lewis, C. (2004) `The Development and Significance of Father-Child Relationships in Two Parent Families', in M. E. Lamb (ed.) The Role of the Father in Child Development, Fourth Edition, pp. 272—306. New York: Wiley .
  • Larson, R. and Richards, M.H. (1994) Divergent Realities: The Emotional Lives of Mothers, Fathers, and Adolescents. New York: Basic Books .
  • March, J.C. (2003) ` Arguments for Family Strengths Research ', Social Work 48: 147—9 .[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Marx, K. (1867/1976) Capital, Volume 1. Harmondsworth: Penguin .
  • Milkie, M.A., Mattingly, M.J., Nomaguchi, K.M., Bianchi, S.M. and Robinson, J.P. (2004) ` The Time Squeeze: Parental Statuses and Feelings about Time with Children ', Journal of Marriage and Family 66(3): 739—61 .[CrossRef]
  • Minuchin P. (1985) ` Families and Individual Development: Provocations from the Field of Family Therapy ', Child Development 56(2): 289—302 .[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Minuchin, P. (2002) ` Looking toward the Horizon: Present and Future in the Study of Family System ', in J. P. MaHale and W. S. Grolnick (eds) Retrospect and Prospect in the Psychological Study of Families, pp. 259—78 . Mahwah, NJ and London: Lawrence Erlbaum .
  • Ochs, E. (1994) `Stories that Step into the Future', in D. Biber and E. Finegan (eds) Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Register, pp. 106—35. New York: Oxford University Press .
  • Ochs, E. (1996) `Linguistic Resources for Socializing Humanity ', in J. Gumperz and S. Levinson (eds) Rethinking Linguistic Relativity, pp. 407—37. New York: Cambridge University Press .
  • Ochs, E., Graesch, A.P., Mittmann, A., Bradbury, T., and Repetti, R. (2006) `Video Ethnography and Ethnoarchaeological Tracking ', in M. Pitt-Catsouphes, K. Kossek and S. Sweet (eds) The Work and Family Handbook: Multi-Disciplinary Perspective, Methods, and Approaches, pp. 387—409. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Ochs, E. and Schieffelin, B. (1984) `Language Acquisition and Socialization: Three Developmental Stories and Their Implications', in R. A. Shweder and R. A. Levine (eds) Culture Theory: Essays on Mind, Self, and Emotion, pp. 276—320. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
  • Ochs, E. and Schieffelin, B. (1989) ` Language has a Heart' , Text 9(1): 7—25 .
  • Ochs, E., Smith, R. and Taylor, C. (1989) ` Detective Stories at Dinnertime: Problem-Solving through Co-narration' , Cultural Dynamics 2: 238—57 .[Free Full Text]
  • Ochs, E. and Taylor, C. (1992) ` Family Narrative as Political Activity' , Discourse & Society 3(3): 301—40 .[Abstract]
  • Ochs, E. and Taylor, C. (1995) `The "Father Knows Best" Dynamic in Dinnertime Narratives', in K. Hall and M. Bucholtz (eds) Gender Articulated, pp. 97—120. New York: Routledge .
  • Ochs, E., Taylor, C., Rudolph, D. and Smith, R. (1992) ` Storytelling as Theory-Building Activity ', Discourse Processes 15(1): 37—72 .[Web of Science]
  • Oxford English Dictionary Online. (n.d.) ` Quality Time'. Available at: http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50194223/50194223se48?single=1&query_type=word&queryword=quality+time&first=1&max_to_show=10&hilite=50194223se48
  • Paugh, A. (2005) ` Learning about Work at Dinnertime: Language Socialization in Dual-earner American Families' , Discourse & Society 16(1): 55—78 .[Abstract]
  • Paugh, A. (in press) `Language Socialization in Working Families', in P. Duff and N. Hornberger (eds) Encyclopedia of Language and Education, Volume 8: Language Socialization. New York: Springer .
  • Perlman, D. and Rook, K.S. (1987) `Social Support, Social Deficits, and the Family: Toward the Enhancement of Well-Being', in S. Oskamp (ed.) Family Processes and Problems: Social Psychological Aspects, pp. 17—44. London: Sage .
  • Plionis, E.M. (1990) ` Parenting, Discipline and the Concept of Quality Time ', Child and Adolescent Social Work 7(6): 513—23 .[CrossRef]
  • Phrase Finder, The (n.d.) `Quality Time'. Available at: http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/297250.html
  • Robinson, J.P. and Godbey, G. (1997) Time for Life: The Surprising Ways American Use Their Time. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press .
  • Schieffelin, B. (1990) The Give and Take of Everyday Life: Language Socialization of Kaluli Children. New York: Cambridge University Press .
  • Schor, J. (1991) The Overworked American. New York: Basic Books .
  • Shapiro, L. (1997) ` The Myth of Quality Time ', Newsweek 129 (12 May): 62—7 .[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
  • Shaw, S.M. and Dawson, D.J. (2001) ` Purposive Leisure: Examining Parental Discourses on Family Activities ', Leisure Sciences 23(3): 217—31 .[CrossRef][Web of Science]
  • Sirota, K.G. (2006) ` Habits of the Hearth: Children's Bedtime Routines as Relational Work ', Text & Talk 26(4—5): 493—514 .[Web of Science]
  • Southerton, D. (2003) ` Squeezing Time: Allocating Practices, Coordinating Networks and Scheduling Society ', Time & Society 12(1): 5—25 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]
  • Stafford, L. and Dainton, M. (1995) `Parent-Child Communication within the Family System ', in T. J. Socha and G. H. Stamp (eds) Parents, Children, and Communication: Frontiers of Theory and Research, pp. 3—21. Mahwah, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum .
  • Tannen, D. (2003) `Gender and Family Interaction', in J. Holmes and M. Meyerhoff (eds) The Handbook of Language and Gender, pp. 179—201. Malden, MA: Blackwell .
  • Wingard, L.: (2006) ` Parents' Inquiries about Homework: The First Mention ', Text & Talk 26 (4—5): 573—98 .[Web of Science]
  • Wingard, L. (2007) ` Constructing Time and Prioritizing Activities in Parent-child Interaction' , Discourse & Society 18(1): 75—91 .[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Time & Society, Vol. 16, No. 2-3, 287-308 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0961463X07080276


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Complore Complore   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us   Add to Digg Digg   Add to Reddit Reddit   Add to Technorati Technorati   Add to Twitter Twitter    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
Time SocietyHome page
J. Maher
Accumulating care: Mothers beyond the conflicting temporalities of caring and work
Time Society, September 1, 2009; 18(2-3): 231 - 245.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Acta SociologicaHome page
L. Forsberg
Managing Time and Childcare in Dual-Earner Families: Unforeseen Consequences of Household Strategies
Acta Sociologica, June 1, 2009; 52(2): 162 - 175.
[Abstract] [PDF]


This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to Saved Citations
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Request Reprints
Right arrow Add to My Marked Citations
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (2)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Right arrow Citing Articles via Scopus
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Kremer-Sadlik, T.
Right arrow Articles by Paugh, A. L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
Social Bookmarking
 Add to CiteULike   Add to Complore   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us   Add to Digg   Add to Reddit   Add to Technorati   Add to Twitter  
What's this?